La respiration représente 4 % des émissions globales de CO2, soit plus que le transport aérien. Néanmoins, nous stockons aussi du carbone dans notre corps en mangeant, ce qui n’est pas le cas du CO2 issu de la combustion d’énergies fossiles.
Selon un calcul de The Globe Program, la respiration humaine génère en moyenne entre 700 et 900 grammes de CO2 par jour, il s’agit toutefois d’une estimation basique car, au repos, la consommation d’oxyène peut être multipliée par 5 quand nous faisons du sport. En prenant le chiffre de 800 grammes et une population de 7,7 milliards au 1er janvier 2020, nous pouvons donc estimer que la respiration humaine émet 6,16 millions de tonnes de CO2 par jour, soit 2.248 millions de tonnes par an. Si l’on rapporte ce chiffre aux émissions totales de CO2 (55,3 gigatonnes en 2018 selon le Programme des nations Unies pour l’Environnement), la respiration humaine contribue donc à 4 % des émissions de CO2. Par comparaison, le transport aérien est responsable de 2,8 % des émissions globales de CO2. La respiration n’est donc pas négligeable dans la part des émissions de CO2, le principal gaz contributeur du réchauffement climatique anthropique.
Manger stocke du carbone… mais en génère aussi
L’Homme absorbe aussi du carbone par son alimentation. 18 % de notre corps est ainsi constitué de carbone. Le poids moyen d’un adulte est de 62 kg. En prenant en compte les enfants, on peut ramener ce chiffre à 55 kg, ce qui nous donne 9,9 kg de carbone « séquestré » pour chaque humain selon une étude de 2012. Au total, la population humaine stocke donc collectivement 79,23 millions de tonnes de carbone. Mais, évidemment, la fabrication de nourrituregénère elle-même des gaz à effet de serre. Selon un calcul de Jean-Marc Jancovici, spécialiste de l’énergie, 31,6 % des émissions de gaz à effet de serre sont liées à la production et à la transformation de nourriture.
Bref, difficile d’établir un bilan global. Ce qui est certain, c’est que l’Homme contribue bien plus au réchauffement climatique par ses activités (transport, agriculture, chauffage, industrie…) qu’en respirant. Il y a beaucoup plus efficace pour réduire son empreinte carbone que de vivre en apnée !
Source: slate.fr
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