Pour lutter contre un nématode parasite, des scientifiques ont testé l’effet d’un sous-produit du brassage de la bière. Une approche étonnante qui donne des résultats prometteurs.
Les Français consomment en moyenne 33 litres de bière par an. Si, de ce point de vue là, nous ne sommes pas sur le haut du podium, la France est le pays européen qui compte le plus de brasseries. Du champ à la chope, le brassage de la bière nécessite de nombreuses phases de transformation qui génèrent des sous-produits et des déchets.
Au Pays basque espagnol, des chercheurs en agronomie se sont intéressés à l’un des sous-produits de l’industrie brassicole, les bagasses de bière. Il s’agit d’un sous-produit qui résulte du processus de pressage et de filtration du moût de bière après la saccharification de l’orge. Combinés à des tourteaux d’orge — un sous-produit de la culture de l’orge qui sert de nourriture à des animaux — et au fumier de vache, les chercheurs semblent avoir trouvé un cocktail efficace contre les nématodes parasites du sol qui s’attaquent aux laitues.
Bière, colza et fumier de vache, le trio gagnant pour sauver les laitues
Leur expérience a été conduite dans une serre qui cultive des laitues depuis plus de 20 ans. Le rendement de la production de laitue Batavia a beaucoup diminué, notamment à cause de la présence de galle sur les racines des salades. Les galles apparaissent lorsque les nématodes femelles matures pondent leur œufs dans le système racinaire de la plante. Pour les protéger de ces parasites, l’exploitant réalise des fumigations du sol, mais sans succès.
Les scientifiques ont donc testé l’effet de leur mixture mêlant bagasses de bière, tourteaux de colza et fumier de vache sur le rendement des salades et les micro-organismes du sol. Le mélange a été incorporé à la terre à plusieurs profondeurs. Après ce traitement, la communauté microbienne et les paramètres physicochimiques du sol ont changé au détriment de Meloidogyne incognita, le principal nématode parasite, responsable de galle chez les laitues et d’autres parasites. Le rendement de la première récolte de salade a augmenté après ce traitement et la fréquence des galles a diminué.
Source: futura-sciences.com
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