Les Iraniens se rendent aux urnes le 18 juin pour élire leur nouveau président. Face à la prééminence du Guide suprême et des Gardiens de la révolution, son rôle s’apparente plutôt à celui d’un chef de gouvernement. Décryptage.
« Je suis de toutes les élections, j’ai toujours participé, mais cette fois, je ne voterai pas. » Jointe par France 24, Shahin*, 42 ans, exprime son amertume et sa lassitude : « Président après président, je vais de déception en déception et la situation économique du pays n’en finit pas de se dégrader. Pourquoi ferais-je l’effort de me déplacer aux urnes si celui que j’élis ne fait rien ? » Comme cette habitante de Téhéran, de nombreux Iraniens, déçus par les deux mandats du président Hassan Rohani, entendent bouder la présidentielle du 18 juin. Le dernier scrutin, les législatives de février 2020, avait déjà été marqué par une abstention record de plus de 57 %.
Les raisons de ce désintérêt ? Outre le nombre élevé de candidats à la présidentielle disqualifiés par le Conseil des Gardiens – une instance chargée en Iran de contrôler les élections – se pose la question des marges de manœuvre du président de la République islamique d’Iran et de son gouvernement. Une situation dont s’est plaint le ministre des Affaires étrangères en personne. Dans un enregistrement qui avait fuité fin avril, Mohammad Javad Zarif regrettait que tout un pan stratégique de la diplomatie iranienne lui échappait au quotidien.
Très critiqué pour ses propos, le chef officiel de la diplomatie iranienne s’en prenait notamment au corps des Gardiens de la révolution. En Iran, cette « force chargée de défendre les idéaux de la République islamique n’a de comptes à rendre qu’au Guide suprême », indique à France 24 Thierry Coville, chercheur à l’Institut de relations internationales et stratégiques (Iris).
Au cœur de l’État iranien, le Guide concentre la plupart des pouvoirs en vertu de la Constitution iranienne. « C’est le Guide qui détermine la direction de l’État. Le président iranien, élu tous les quatre ans, a un rôle comparable à celui d’un Premier ministre », explique Jonathan Piron, historien spécialiste de l’Iran pour le centre de recherche Etopia à Bruxelles.
Source: news.yahoo
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