États-Unis : cet incendie a pris tellement d’ampleur qu’il crée sa propre météo !

Le Bootleg Fire. Rien ne semble pouvoir l’arrêter. D’autant que le voici qui se met à générer sa propre météo au-dessus de l’Oregon. Des orages secs qui le rendent encore plus virulent.

Il a déjà ravagé une surface plus grande que celle de la ville de Los Angeles. Celui qui a été baptisé le Bootleg Fire enflamme l’Oregon (États-Unis) depuis le 6 juillet dernier. Chaque heure, c’est désormais comme si tout un Central Park partait en fumée. Du jamais-vu à ce stade de la saison. Et les officiels craignent aujourd’hui que ce gigantesque feu de forêt ne puisse pas être contenu avant… le mois de novembre !

L’incendie a même pris tellement d’ampleur qu’il crée maintenant sa propre météo, nous apprennent les scientifiques. Ils ont observé la formation de ce qu’ils appellent des pyrocumulus ou pyrocumulonimbus. Difficile de les manquer. Ils sont visibles à près de 200 kilomètres à la ronde.

Les pyrocumulus se forment lorsque la chaleur intense des flammes d’un feu de forêt force l’air à monter rapidement, aspirant la fumée, les cendres, mais aussi la vapeur d’eau. Les pyrocumulonimbus ressemblent à s’y méprendre aux nuages d’un orage classique.

Bonne nouvelle sur le front de la lutte contre cet incendie colossal ? Pas vraiment. Car contrairement aux orages classiques, les orages déclenchés par des pyrocumulus font peu pleuvoir. En cause, la chaleur et les particules de fumée qu’ils concentrent. Résultat : un orage sec qui peut former des tourbillons de feu et donner naissance à des vents extrêmement violents.

Des pyrocumulonimbus aux effets potentiellement dévastateurs

Les pyrocumulonimbus peuvent aussi générer de la foudre. Des éclairs issus des particules de cendre chargées électriquement. Lorsque celles-ci se déplacent très vite vers le haut des nuages et provoquent une différence de potentiel qui déclenche la foudre.

On comprend mieux pourquoi la formation de tels nuages inquiète. Parce que les orages qu’ils déclenchent, non seulement n’aident pas à calmer les flammes, mais augmentent les risques d’étendre les feux de forêt qui en sont à l’origine. En combinant vents violents et impacts de foudre sur une végétation ultra-sèche. Les chercheurs de la Nasa qualifient d’ailleurs les pyrocumulonimbus de « dragons cracheurs de feu ».

« Traditionnellement, la météo nous dit ce qu’il va advenir d’un feu de forêt. Cette fois, c’est le feu de forêt qui dicte ce que nous devons attendre de la météo », souligne un officiel dans les colonnes de CNN. Déjà plus de 2.000 personnes ont dû être évacuées alors que le feu a détruit 67 maisons. Des moyens sans précédent ont été déployés pour lutter contre l’incendie, mais les experts estiment que 20 à 40.000 hectares pourraient encore partir en fumée avant qu’il puisse être contenu.

Source: futura
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