Haïti célèbre sa fête nationale sur fond de tensions politiques

Ce samedi 1er Janvier, Haïti célèbre sa fête nationale qui commémore sa prise d’indépendance sur la France et par la même occasion, la première abolition de l’esclavage de l’histoire de l’humanité. Mais 218 ans après sa fondation, le pays n’a jamais été confronté à une telle crise politique et les difficultés d’organiser les cérémonies officielles ce samedi révèlent ces grandes tensions.

Aller aux Gonaïves le 1er janvier est un enjeu de pouvoir. En 1804, c’est là que les pères de la nation haïtienne avaient signé l’acte d’indépendance et c’est donc traditionnellement dans cette ville, à 150 km au nord de Port-au-Prince, qu’est prononcé le discours du chef de l’État pour le premier jour de l’année.

Mais depuis l’assassinat du président Jovenel Moïse, le 7 juillet, Haïti est confrontée à une profonde crise de gouvernance. De facto, le Premier ministre Ariel Henry gère les affaires. Mais dans la cité de l’indépendance, plusieurs citoyens dont des groupes armés lui ont signifié qu’il n’était pas le bienvenu ce samedi.
 
Jovenel Moïse avait renoncé à se rendre aux Gonaïves

Il y a quelques jours, des membres de gangs des Gonaïves ont tiré sur les ouvriers qui s’affairaient à construire le stand qui doit être utilisé pour la cérémonie officielle. Prononcer son discours du 1er janvier sur la place d’Armes de la ville serait pour le Premier ministre un signe de son pouvoir.

Mais il faut rappeler qu’avant son assassinat, face à des contestations similaires, Jovenel Moïse avait renoncé au voyage et commémorait la fête nationale, en 2020 et en 2021, depuis la capitale.

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